Insulin Resistance and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanism and Implications for
Pathogenesis* | Endocrine Reviews | Oxford Academic Skip to Main Content Advertisement …

Although a full understanding of insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action is evolving, the
discovery of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and their role to link cell surface …

Human type 2 diabetes is characterized by defects in both insulin action and insulin
secretion. It has been difficult to identify a single molecular abnormality underlying these …

The broad nature of insulin resistant glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle of patients with
type 2 diabetes suggests a defect in the proximal part of the insulin signaling network. We …

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or chronic hyperinsulinemia that induce insulin resistance
trigger increased Ser/Thr phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR) and of its major insulin …

To investigate the role of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 in vivo, we generated IRS-2-
deficient mice by gene targeting. Although homozygous IRS-2-deficient mice (IRS-2-/-mice) …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays a central role in the state of insulin resistance
associated with obesity. It has previously been shown that one important mechanism by …

In peripheral tissues, insulin signaling involves activation of the insulin receptor substrate
(IRS)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme system. In the hypothalamus, insulin …

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, metabolic disease that is characterised by an inability to
maintain normal glucose homeostasis. There are several different forms of diabetes …

NIDDM is a polygenic disease characterized by insulin resistance in muscle, fat, and liver,
followed by a failure of pancreatic β cells to adequately compensate for this resistance …