Insulin and its related peptides are found throughout the animal kingdom, in which they
serve diverse functions. This includes regulation of glucose homeostasis, neuronal …

Animal venom peptides represent valuable compounds for biomedical exploration. The
venoms of marine cone snails constitute a particularly rich source of peptide toxins, known …

Somatostatin and its related peptides (SSRPs) form an important family of hormones with
diverse physiological roles. The ubiquitous presence of SSRPs in vertebrates and several …

Intrathecal application of contulakin-G (CGX), a conotoxin peptide and a neurotensin
analogue, has been demonstrated to be safe and potentially analgesic in humans. However …

Peptide hormones and neuropeptides form a diverse class of bioactive secreted molecules
that control essential processes in animals. Despite breakthroughs in peptide discovery …

The vasopressin/oxytocin signaling system is present in both protostomes and
deuterostomes and plays various physiological roles. Although there were reports for both …

Management of chronic pain remains challenging to this day, and current treatments are
associated with adverse effects, including tolerance and addiction. Chronic neuropathic pain …

Elevenins are peptides found in a range of organisms, including arthropods, annelids,
nematodes, and molluscs. They consist of 17 to 19 amino acid residues with a single …

The cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB 2 R), a G protein–coupled receptor, is an important
regulator of immune cell function and a promising target to treat chronic inflammation and …

Background Venomous marine cone snails produce unique neurotoxins called
conopeptides or conotoxins, which are valuable for research and drug discovery …