Liver ischaemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI), a local sterile inflammatory response driven by
innate immunity, is one of the primary causes of early organ dysfunction and failure after …

Trained immunity is a functional state of the innate immune response and is characterized
by long-term epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells. This concept originated in …

Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the
innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers …

Insufficient intracellular anabolism is a crucial factor involved in many pathological
processes in the body,. The anabolism of intracellular substances requires the consumption …

The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the
last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune …

Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity
and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the …

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of diseases in which dysregulated immune
responses have an important role. However, most of the immunotherapy strategies currently …

The term ferroptosis was put forward in 2012 and has been researched exponentially over
the past few years. Ferroptosis is an unconventional pattern of iron-dependent programmed …

Trained immunity refers to a hyperresponsive functional state of the innate immune system,
which is induced by certain stimuli, such as infections or vaccination. Trained immunity plays …

Therapies modulating the immune system offer the prospect of treating a wide range of
conditions including infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity. Biomaterials can …