Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a bidirectional form of synaptic plasticity
discovered about 30 years ago and based on the relative timing of pre-and post-synaptic …

Newly generated excitatory synapses in the mammalian cortex lack sufficient AMPA-type
glutamate receptors to mediate neurotransmission, resulting in functionally silent synapses …

Windows of plasticity allow environmental experiences to produce intense activity-
dependent changes during postnatal development. The reordering and refinement of neural …

In mammalian neocortex, learning triggers the formation and turnover of new postsynaptic
spines on pyramidal cell dendrites. However, the biological principles of spine …

Accumulating evidence from a wide range of studies, including behavioral, cellular,
molecular and computational findings, support a key role of dendrites in the encoding and …

Photoactivatable drugs targeting ligand-gated ion channels open up new opportunities for
light-guided therapeutic interventions. Photoactivable toxins targeting ion channels have the …

In 1973, two papers from Bliss and Lømo and from Bliss and Gardner-Medwin reported that
high-frequency synaptic stimulation in the dentate gyrus of rabbits resulted in a long-lasting …

Two-photon, single-cell resolution optogenetics based on holographic light-targeting
approaches enables the generation of precise spatiotemporal neuronal activity patterns and …

Neurons remodel the structure and strength of their synapses during critical periods of
development in order to optimize both perception and cognition. Many of these …