Estrogens and estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate metabolism in both normal physiology and
in disease. The metabolic characteristics of intrinsic breast cancer subtypes change based …

Abstract 17β-estradiol controls post-natal mammary gland development and exerts its effects
through Estrogen Receptor ERα, a member of the nuclear receptor family. ERα is also …

Oncogenic activation of RAS isoforms leads tumor initiation and progression in many types
of cancers and is gaining increasing interest as target for novel therapeutic strategies. In …

Exosomes—small membrane vesicles secreted by both normal and malignant cells upon
fusion of endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane—play an …

Breast cancer is a highly complicated disease. Advancement in the treatment and
prevention of breast cancer lies in elucidation of the mechanism of carcinogenesis and …

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors account for 70–80% of all breast cancer (BC) cases
and are characterized by estrogen dependency for their growth. Endocrine therapies using …

Aberrant leptin (Ob) signaling, a hallmark of obesity, has been recognized to influence
breast cancer (BC) biology within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we evaluated …

Abstract Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of
breast cancer among women worldwide, accounting for 70–80% of all invasive cases …

Rodent models of breast cancer have played critical roles in our understanding of breast
cancer development and progression as well as preclinical testing of cancer prevention and …

The NRL-PRL murine model, defined by mammary-selective transgenic rat prolactin ligand
rPrl expression, establishes spontaneous ER+ mammary tumors in nulliparous females …