Dynamical analysis of a delayed tri-trophic food chain consisting of prey, an intermediate,
and a top predator is investigated in this paper. The additive Allee effect is introduced in the …

Anti-predator defense is an important mechanism that preys use to reduce the stress of
constant struggle in a high concentration of predator and commonly established through …

The dynamics of food consumption by higher trophic level is complicated as its availability,
choice, and consequently their development. The top predator interference has a strong …

Recent field experiments have shown that predators influence the prey population not only
by direct consumption but also by stimulating various defensive strategies. The cost of these …

One of the main objectives of theoretical ecologists involves finding mechanisms to control
the chaos in ecological models to maintain positive densities of the species. Numerous …

In this paper, we consider a Hastings–Powell type model, which consists of a three-species
food chain model with fear effect. For more realistic formulation, we incorporated two time …

In this paper, a class of nonlinear predator-prey models with three discrete delays is
considered. By linearizing the system at the positive equilibrium point and analyzing the …

This paper analyzes the interacting good bio-mass and bird population for the wetland
system of Keoladeo National Park (KNP). The system dynamics is analyzed with and without …

This article investigates a tri-trophic food chain model with the epidemic at the bottom level
(prey) and gestation delays for the next two levels (the intermediate predator and top …

In this paper, chaotic and periodic dynamics in a hybrid food chain system with Holling type
IV and Lotka-Volterra responses are discussed. The system is observed to be dissipative …