ABSTRACT 1 Almost 50% of primate species are in danger of becoming extinct, according
to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of …

Despite numerous attempts to define animal tool use over the past four decades, the
definition remains elusive and the behaviour classification somewhat subjective. Here, we …

While evolutionary psychology is a fascinating science, it is also often misunderstood. In this
highly acclaimed undergraduate textbook, Workman and Reader assume no prior …

Previous research has postulated effects of environmental stress on ingroup/outgroup
thinking: The higher the pathogenic risk and the perceived vulnerability to it, the higher the …

Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, are the most sophisticated tool-users among all nonhuman
primates. From an evolutionary perspective, it is therefore puzzling that the tool use …

The association between our ancestors and fire, somewhere around six to four million years
ago, had a tremendous impact on human evolution, transforming our earliest human …

The earliest stone tool types, sharp flakes knapped from stone cores, are assumed to have
played a crucial role in human cognitive evolution. Flaked stone tools have been observed …

Cumulative culture, including complex forms of tool use, is often seen as a defining feature
of hominins, but the manufacture and use of tools are by no means restricted to humans and …

Studies of ape tool use have been conducted in captivity since the early 1900s and in the
wild since the 1960s. Chimpanzees are the most prolific tool users among the apes, and are …

Humans are the only species capable of powerful and accurate overhand throwing.
However, the evolution of this ability remains underexplored. Here we draw on several lines …