This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to
the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral …

Regulation of the cerebral circulation relies on the complex interplay between
cardiovascular, respiratory, and neural physiology. In health, these physiologic systems act …

The theory on the glymphatic convection mechanism of cerebrospinal fluid holds that
cardiac pulsations in part pump cerebrospinal fluid from the peri-arterial spaces through the …

Background: The extracranial venous outflow routes in clinically defined multiple sclerosis
(CDMS) have not previously been investigated. Methods: Sixty-five patients affected by …

Normal physiologic function of organs requires a circulation of interstitial fluid to deliver
nutrients and clear cellular waste products. Lymphatic vessels serve as collectors of this fluid …

We present a global, closed‐loop, multiscale mathematical model for the human circulation
including the arterial system, the venous system, the heart, the pulmonary circulation and the …

OBJECTIVE: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
combined stenoses of the principal pathways of extracranial venous drainage, including the …

Three types of vascular dysfunction have been described in multiple sclerosis (MS). First,
findings from epidemiological studies suggest that patients with MS have a higher risk for …

White matter lesions (WMLs), also known as leukoaraiosis (LA) or white matter
hyperintensities (WMHs), are characterized mainly by hyperintensities on T2‐weighted or …

In this paper, which is the first in a three-part series that reviews cerebrovascular anatomy,
pathogenesis, and stroke, we lay the anatomical foundation for the rest of the series …