Memory formation enables the retention of life experiences overtime. Based on previously
acquired information, organisms can anticipate future events and adjust their behaviors to …

Interest in the ontogeny of memory blossomed in the twentieth century following the initial
observations that memories from infancy and early childhood are rapidly forgotten. The …

Traumatic events during early life have been linked with later life psychopathology. To
understand this risk factor, researchers have studied the effects of prenatal and postnatal …

Stress can negatively impact brain function and behaviors across the lifespan. However,
stressors during adolescence have particularly harmful effects on brain maturation, and on …

This revised third edition provides an up to date, comprehensive overview of the field of
comparative psychology, integrating both evolutionary and developmental studies of brain …

The multitude of terms associated with love has given rise to a false perception of love. In
this paper, only maternal and romantic love are considered. Love is usually regarded as a …

A hallmark of anxiety-related disorders is difficulties in inhibiting irrational and excessive
fear. Fear and anxiety usually occur as a result of internal or external cues (Anderson and …

Reduction of conditioned fear expression by extinction underlies cue exposure therapies
that treat anxiety disorders. Extinction is context-specific. Renewal, for example, is the …

Impaired extinction of conditioned fear is associated with anxiety disorders. Common
lifestyle factors, like isolation stress and exercise, may alter the ability to extinguish fear …

It is well known that young organisms do not maintain memories as long as adults, but the
mechanisms for this ontogenetic difference are undetermined. Previous work has revealed …