Gut bacteria play an important role in the digestion of food, immune activation, and
regulation of entero-endocrine signaling pathways, but also communicate with the central …

The brain-gut axis is a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous
system and the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin functions as a key neurotransmitter at both …

Abstract Serotonin (5-HT) has been recognized for decades as an important signalling
molecule in the gut, but it is still revealing its secrets. Novel gastrointestinal functions of 5-HT …

Neuropeptides are important mediators both within the nervous system and between
neurons and other cell types. Neuropeptides such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related …

The intestinal epithelium must balance efficient absorption of nutrients with partitioning
commensals and pathogens from the bodies' largest immune system. If this crucial barrier …

Abstract Serotonin or 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) is a neurotransmitter and hormone that
contributes to the regulation of various physiological functions by its actions in the central …

The gut–brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain.
Four information carriers (vagal and spinal afferent neurons, immune mediators such as …

The gut is home to our largest collection of microbes. The ability of the immune system to
coevolve with the microbiota during postnatal life allows the host and microbiota to coexist in …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a set of complex neurodevelopmental disorders
defined behaviorally by impaired social interaction, delayed and disordered language …

Endogenous tryptophan metabolism pathways lead to the production of serotonin (5‐
hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), kynurenine, and several downstream metabolites which are …