The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of publications
referring to extracellular vesicles (EVs). For many years considered to be extracellular …

Although oxygen (O2) is essential for aerobic life, it can also be an important source of
cellular damage. Supra-physiological levels of O2 determine toxicity due to exacerbated …

Background: Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles released from cells into the blood,
where they can transmit signals throughout the body. Shown to act on the heart, exosomes' …

Hair cells, the mechanosensory receptors of the inner ear, are responsible for hearing and
balance. Hair cell death and consequent hearing loss are common results of treatment with …

Edaravone (Edv) can inhibit tissue damage, cause cerebral edema, and delay neuronal
death caused by acute cerebral infarction. Exosomes are considered as cargo carriers for …

Nucleic acid-based therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for treating
various diseases, such as genetic disorders, cancers, and viral infections. Diverse nucleic …

This mini-review presents emerging evidence that endogenous neurosteroids modulate
both pro-and anti-inflammatory signaling by immune cells and brain cells that contribute to …

Diabetes mellitus is one of the important independent risk factors for the development of
neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attacks, vascular …

High levels of inspired oxygen, hyperoxia, are frequently used in patients with acute
respiratory failure. Hyperoxia can exacerbate acute respiratory failure, which has high …

Mechanical ventilation is a life-sustaining therapy for patients with respiratory failure but can
cause further lung damage known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). However, the …