Illicit cattle ranching and coca farming have serious negative consequences on the
Colombian Amazon's land systems. The underlying causes of these land activities include …

Wildlife trade is an increasing problem worldwide, whether legal or illegal. It causes species
extinction, connects to organized crime and contributes to social unrest. Wildlife trade is …

This article traces the trajectory of green criminology in Latin America from the 1960s'
liberation criminology to the current Southern green criminology. The purpose of this …

Scholarship within green criminology focusing on crimes and harms against nonhuman
animals has been increasing. Little attention, however, has been directed at the gendered …

Gold mining has become a significant new form of organized crime activity in Colombia,
where criminal groups continue to shift their operations from cocaine trafficking into gold …

Green criminologists identify, analyze, and denounce abuses against humans, non-humans,
and ecosystems. Embracing a harm perspective, the legal definition of whether these …

Since the 1970s, the world has witnessed a proliferation of international treaties
championing the protection of wildlife. The effectiveness of those treaties, which together …

Green criminology is now an established subfield of criminology. Having emerged in the
1990s, green criminology has rapidly grown, particularly in the last 10 years. Scholarship …

Organized Environmental Crime Page 1 Page 2 Organized Environmental Crime Page 3 This
page intentionally left blank Page 4 Organized Environmental Crime Black Markets in Gold …

Julio César Arana, the owner of the Peruvian rubber factory Casa Arana, punished his
Indigenous workers with mutilation if they were first-time offenders; recidivists were burnt …