Following nature's design principles, biological entities have evolved to be highly efficient
and multifunctional to maximize all the available materials and structures and to survive in …

Cellular ceramic structures (CCSs) have promising application perspectives in various
fields. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM), usually known as three-dimensional printing …

Designing and manufacturing multi-functional, lightweight and high-performance body
armour materials and assemblies have attracted intense attention recently due to fast …

Nature has a wide range of biological protection strategies that show resilience to impact
loading. These strategies also serve a certain amount of flexibility that contribute to body …

The Bouligand structure, which is found in many biological materials, is a hierarchical
architecture that features uniaxial fiber layers assembled periodically into a helicoidal …

The Bouligand structure in some arthropods is a hierarchical composite comprised of a
helicoidal arrangement of strong fibers in a weak matrix. In this study, we focus on the …

Through evolutionary process, special biological structures (eg micro-or macro-scale
helicoidal laminated structures) are formed naturally to resist natural enemies. With some …

Mantis shrimps use their dactyl club to strike multiple high-velocity impacts against stiff and
hard surfaces. To sustain the loads and dissipate energy, their club has evolved a complex …

Nature provides many biological materials and structures with exceptional energy
absorption capabilities. Few, relatively simple molecular building blocks (eg, calcium …

Researchers and engineers have been fascinated by the way weak organic and inorganic
components naturally combine to create strong and long-lasting structures for the past few …