Inter-individual variability in drug response, be it efficacy or safety, is common and likely to
become an increasing problem globally given the growing elderly population requiring …

The central role of dysregulated kinase activity in the etiology of progressive disorders,
including cancer, has fostered incremental efforts on drug discovery programs over the past …

Background Craniopharyngiomas, primary brain tumors of the pituitary–hypothalamic axis,
can cause clinically significant sequelae. Treatment with the use of surgery, radiation, or …

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM, hereafter referred to as melanoma) is the most lethal
skin cancer with increasing incidence. Regulated cell death plays an important role in …

Cancer is characterized as a complex disease caused by coordinated alterations of multiple
signaling pathways. The Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling is one of the best-defined …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important bridge in the switch
from extracellular signals to intracellular responses. Alterations of signaling cascades are …

Anti-BRAF/EGFR therapy was recently approved for the treatment of metastatic BRAF V600E
colorectal cancer (mCRCBRAF-V600E). However, a large fraction of patients do not …

Low grade gliomas are the most frequent brain tumors in children and encompass a
spectrum of histologic entities which are currently assigned World Health Organisation …

Genomic profiling shows that many solid tumors are characterized by specific driver
aberrations, and this has expanded the therapeutic options for many patients. The mitogen …

Background Interim analyses of the phase 3 KEYNOTE-006 study showed superior overall
and progression-free survival of pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in patients with …