Importance Schizophrenia is a common, severe mental illness that most clinicians will
encounter regularly during their practice. This report provides an overview of the clinical …

Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-
coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed …

Learning to predict rewards based on environmental cues is essential for survival. It is
believed that animals learn to predict rewards by updating predictions whenever the …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

Glutamate and dopamine systems play distinct roles in terms of neuronal signalling, yet both
have been proposed to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In …

Dopamine neurons are characterized by their response to unexpected rewards, but they
also fire during movement and aversive stimuli. Dopamine neuron diversity has been …

The mesolimbic hypothesis has been a central dogma of schizophrenia for decades,
positing that aberrant functioning of midbrain dopamine projections to limbic regions causes …

The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing
those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential …

Addiction is commonly identified with habitual nonmedical self-administration of drugs. It is
usually defined by characteristics of intoxication or by characteristics of withdrawal …

A large body of work has aimed to define the precise information encoded by dopaminergic
projections innervating the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Prevailing models are based on …