Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA
receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals. RA-RARs can activate or …

Retinoic acid (RA) signalling has a central role during vertebrate development. RA
synthesized in specific locations regulates transcription by interacting with nuclear RA …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A-derived, non-peptidic, small lipophilic molecule that acts as
ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs), converting them from transcriptional repressors to …

The broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate is widely used in agriculture worldwide. There has
been ongoing controversy regarding the possible adverse effects of glyphosate on the …

The requirement for vitamin A in reproduction was first recognized in the early 1900's, and its
importance in the eyes of developing embryos was realized shortly after. A greater …

Adult neurogenesis is a widespread trait of vertebrates; however, the degree of this ability
and the underlying activity of the adult neural stem cells differ vastly among species. In …

Neuraxial patterning is a continuous process that extends over a protracted period of
development. During gastrulation a crude anteroposterior pattern, detectable by molecular …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a morphogen derived from retinol (vitamin A) that plays important roles
in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. The production of RA from retinol requires …

The basic vertebrate body plan of the zebrafish embryo is established in the first 10 hours of
development. This period is characterized by the formation of the anterior-posterior and …

Inducing organogenesis in 3D culture is an important aspect of stem cell research. Anterior
neural structures have been produced from large embryonic stem cell (ESC) aggregates, but …