5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the key precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole
compounds, with wide applications in medicine, agriculture and other burgeoning fields …

Highlights•Amino acid production has been established after the discovery of C.
glutamicum.•Metabolic engineering is applied to rational design of amino acid production …

Keto acids are essential organic acids that are widely applied in pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics, food, beverages, and feed additives as well as chemical synthesis. Currently …

One challenge in metabolic engineering for industrial applications is the construction of
highly efficient microbial cell factories. For this purpose, dynamic regulation of metabolic flux …

Green chemical production by microbial processes is critical for the development of a
sustainable society in the twenty-first century. Among the important industrial …

Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a nonprotein amino acid involved in tetrapyrrole synthesis, has
been widely applied in agriculture, medicine, and food production. Many engineered …

Abstract l-glutamate family amino acids (GFAAs), consisting of l-glutamate, l-arginine, l-
citrulline, l-ornithine, l-proline, l-hydroxyproline, γ-aminobutyric acid, and 5-aminolevulinic …

Abstract Background 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a promising biostimulant, feed
nutrient, and photodynamic drug with wide applications in modern agriculture and therapy …

Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a value‐added compound with potential applications in the
fields of agriculture and medicine. Although massive efforts have recently been devoted to …

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non‐protein amino acid widespread in Nature.
Among the various uses of GABA, its lactam form 2‐pyrrolidone can be chemically converted …