Disturbances in the normal functions of the ER lead to an evolutionarily conserved cell
stress response, the unfolded protein response, which is aimed initially at compensating for …

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated endogenously or in response to
environmental stress have long been implicated in tissue injury in the context of a variety of …

Mitochondria play a central role in maintaining cells alive, but are also important mediators
of cell death. The main event in mitochondrial signalling and control of apoptosis is the …

Abstract CD95 (APO-1/Fas) is a prototype death receptor characterized by the presence of
an 80 amino acid death domain in its cytoplasmic tail. This domain is essential for the …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the
world. It is a complicated pathological process that consists of primary insults and a …

Despite our present knowledge of some of the cellular pathways that modulate central
nervous system injury, complete therapeutic prevention or reversal of acute or chronic …

Apoptotic defects endow tumor cells with survival advantages. Such defects allow the
cellular stress response to take the path of cytoprotective autophagy, which either precedes …

CD95 (APO-1/Fas) has become the prototype of a death domain containing receptor and is
the best studied member of the death receptors that activate the extrinsic apoptosis pathway …

Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B3 (niacin), is changed to its mononucleotide
compound with the enzyme nicotinic acide/nicotinamide adenylyl-transferase, and …

Apoptosis is an important physiological process crucially involved in development and
homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Although the major signaling pathways have been …