Background Estimates of the effectiveness of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)
interventions that provide high levels of service on childhood diarrhoea are scarce. We …

Objectives Safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene are protective against diarrhoeal
disease; a leading cause of child mortality. The main objective was an updated assessment …

Background Poor nutrition and exposure to faecal contamination are associated with
diarrhoea and growth faltering, both of which have long-term consequences for child health …

Background Diarrhoea and growth faltering in early childhood are associated with
subsequent adverse outcomes. We aimed to assess whether water quality, sanitation, and …

Humans can be exposed to pathogens from poorly managed animal feces, particularly in
communities where animals live in close proximity to humans. This systematic review of peer …

Child stunting is a global problem and is only modestly responsive to dietary interventions.
Numerous observational studies have shown that water quality, sanitation, and …

Background Sanitation aims to sequester human feces and prevent exposure to fecal
pathogens. More than 2.4 billion people worldwide lack access to improved sanitation …

Background Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) uses participatory approaches to
mobilise communities to build their own toilets and stop open defecation. Our aim was to …

Stunting is a complex and enduring challenge with far‐reaching consequences for those
affected and society as a whole. To accelerate progress in eliminating stunting, broader …

In the first paper in this Series we assessed theoretical and empirical evidence and
concluded that the health of people living in slums is a function not only of poverty but of …