Multiple classification systems have been created to separate spinal arteriovenous
malformations (AVMs) based on location, angioarchitecture, and size. The first classification …

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae are rare, spinal vascular malformations that commonly
present with progressive myelopathy in a specific demographic and are treatable with …

OBJECTIVE Craniocervical junction (CCJ) arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are treated using
neurosurgical or endovascular options; however, there is still no consensus on the safest …

OBJECTIVE A recent comparative analysis between neurosurgical and endovascular
treatments for craniocervical junction (CCJ) arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) revealed better …

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are the most common type of spinal vascular
malformations (AVMs), constituting approximately 70% of all spinal AVMs. The impact of …

Objective Typically, the clinical presentation of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF)
will be insidious, with patients' symptoms regularly attributed to other conditions. Although …

OBJECTIVE Spinal arteriovenous shunts are rare vascular lesions and are classified into 4
types (types I–IV). Due to rapid advances in neuroimaging, spinal epidural AVFs (edAVFs) …

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to compare the treatment success rates of
primary neurosurgical and endovascular treatments in patients with spinal dural …

Background Craniocervical junction (CCJ) arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare. The
current treatment strategies for AVFs with different angioarchitecture need to be clarified …

Initial attempt of endovascular treatment (EVT) for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF)
is preferred because of concurrent diagnosis and treatment. However, outcomes following …