The tumor bulk is composed of a highly heterogeneous population of cancer cells, as well as
a large variety of resident and infiltrating host cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and …

The development of novel target therapies based on the use of RNA interference (RNAi) and
antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is growing in an exponential way, challenging the …

In recent years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with approved
or experimental vaccines has proven to be a promising approach to improve vaccine …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in the maintenance of immunity, and they are also a
key to immune suppressive microenvironment in solid tumors. Many studies have revealed …

For decades, immunotherapies have offered hope for patients with advanced cancer.
However, they show distinct benefits and limited clinical effects. Tumor vaccines have the …

The interaction between programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell
death protein 1 (PD-1) protects tumor cells from immune surveillance. PD-L1 exon 3 is a …

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are synthetically prepared short single-stranded
deoxynucleotide sequences that have been validated as therapeutic agents and as a …

Since the discovery of lymphocytes with immunosuppressive activity, increasing interest has
arisen in their possible influence on the immune response induced by vaccines. Regulatory …

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug gene therapy (GDEPT) theoretically represents a useful
method to carry out chemotherapy for cancer with minimal side effects through the formation …

Background: In recent years, there has been great interest in developing molecular
adjuvants based on antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting immunosuppressor …