Sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characterize many drugs and
contribute to individual differences in drug efficacy and toxicity. Sex-based differences in …

IGF-I is expressed in virtually every tissue of the body, but with much higher expression in
the liver than in any other tissue. Studies using mice with liver-specific IGF-I knockout have …

Exercise training is associated with peripheral-cellular and central-cerebral processes,
hormonal-neuronal regulation and transmission mechanisms. During the acute training …

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a critical regulator of growth, especially during
fetal development, while also playing a central role in metabolic homeostasis. Endocrine …

It is clear that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is important in supporting growth and
regulating metabolism. The IGF1 found in the circulation is primarily produced by the liver …

Growth hormone (GH) is critical for achieving normal structural growth. In addition, GH plays
an important role in regulating metabolic function. GH acts through its GH receptor (GHR) to …

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are key players in initiating immune
responses towards invading pathogens. Both MHC class I and class II genes are present in …

Ghrelin, a gastric peptide involved in growth hormone release and energy homeostasis, is
the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS‐R1a), a …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with multiple comorbid conditions, including
diabetes, obesity, infection, and malnutrition. Mice with hepatocyte-specific disruption of …

Male house mice excrete large amounts of protein in their urinary scent marks, mainly
composed of Major Urinary Proteins (MUPs), and these lipocalins function as pheromones …