Cancer is now considered a tumor microenvironment (TME) disease, although it was
originally thought to be a cell and gene expression disorder. Over the past 20 years …

The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, and aggressive, primary brain tumor in adults.
With a median patient survival of less than two years, GBM represents one of the biggest …

Monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1
(PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoints have improved the treatments of cancers. However, not …

Immunotherapy, where the patient's own immune system is exploited to eliminate tumor
cells, has become one of the most prominent new cancer treatment options in the last …

Although radiotherapy has been used for over a century to locally control tumor growth,
alone it rarely induces an abscopal response or systemic antitumor immunity capable of …

Breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapies have demonstrated considerable success,
though not without limitations. Non‐thermal plasma (NTP) for cancer therapy has been …

Immunotherapy is radically changing the clinical management of patients affected by an
increasingly wide array of tumours. However, not all patients achieve long-term clinical …

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Survival is poor and
improved treatment options are urgently needed. Although immunotherapies have emerged …

Glioma treatment using targeted chemotherapy is still far from satisfactory due to not only the
limited accumulation but also the multiple survival mechanisms of glioma cells, including up …