Nosema ceranae is a hot topic in honey bee health as reflected by numerous papers
published every year. This review presents an update of the knowledge generated in the last …

Pollination by insects is an essential service for the conservation of plant biodiversity, since it
increases the rate of fertilization of flowers and therefore increases the quality and quantity …

Honey bees, and pollinators in general, play a major role in the health of ecosystems. There
is a consensus about the steady decrease in pollinator populations, which raises global …

Division of labor among workers is common in insect societies and is thought to be important
in their ecological success. In most species, division of labor is based on age (temporal …

Domesticated and native bees face a variety of deadly threats that cause mortality and
reduced fecundity and thus, by extension, endanger agriculture and native plant …

Essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites of plants employed in folk medicine for a
long time thanks to their multiple properties. In the last years, their use has been introduced …

Pathogen spillover from managed bees is increasingly considered as a possible cause of
pollinator decline. Though spillover has been frequently documented, evidence of the …

Nosema ceranae is a worldwide distributed midgut parasite of western honey bees, leading
to dwindling colonies and their collapse. As a treatment, only fumagillin is available, causing …

The interspecific transmission of pathogens can occur frequently in the environment. Among
wild bees, the main spillover cases are caused by pathogens associated with Apis mellifera …

Bees are important pollinators whose population has declined due to several factors,
including infections by parasites and pathogens. Resource sharing may play a role in the …