Stress responses play a key role in allowing animals to cope with change and challenge in
the face of both environmental certainty and uncertainty. Measurement of glucocorticoid …

The assumption that the acute response to stress is adaptive is pervasive in the literature,
but there is little direct evidence regarding potential positive fitness consequences of an …

With recent advances in molecular techniques, collecting blood from birds has become a
common practice among field ornithologists. There are a variety of techniques for collecting …

Twenty years ago, Albert Bennett published a paper in the influential book New directions in
ecological physiology arguing that individual variation was an 'underutilized resource'. In …

There is increasing evidence that individuals in many species avoid areas exposed to
chronic anthropogenic noise, but the impact of noise on those who remain in these habitats …

In adult vertebrates, glucocorticoids are thought to trigger transitions between life history
stages within breeding cycles. This review explores possible roles of glucocorticoids as …

A growing body of evidence from across taxa suggests that exposure to elevated levels of
glucocorticoids during early development can have long-term effects upon physiological and …

As cities continue to grow it is increasingly important to understand the long-term responses
of wildlife to urban environments. There have been increased efforts to determine whether …

Optimal functioning of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is paramount to
maximizing fitness in vertebrates. Research in laboratory mammals has suggested that …

Much of the research on sublethal, adverse effects of mercury (Hg) has focused on
impairment of neurological function and reproduction in fish and fish-eating vertebrates …