Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) presents a major public health problem for which
currently available treatments are modestly effective. We report the findings of a randomized …

Expert opinion remains divided concerning the impact of putative risk factors on vulnerability
to depression and other stress-related disorders. A large body of literature has investigated …

Individual variation in responses to commonly used tests of anxiety and spatial memory is
often reported. While this variation is frequently considered to be 'noise', evidence suggests …

Evidence reveals that gut dysbiosis is involved in bidirectional interactions in gut-brain axis
and participates in the progress of multiple disorders like anxiety. Gut microbes in early life …

It is well established that serotonergic fibers distribute throughout the brain. Abnormal
densities or patterns of serotonergic fibers have been implicated in neuropsychiatric …

Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is widely used as a pesticide and a veterinary
drug, although studies suggest that it could be toxic to mammals. The objectives of this study …

Humans are able to adapt to the fast-changing world by estimating statistical regularities of
the environment. Although fear can profoundly impact adaptive behaviors, the computational …

Anxiety disorders are associated with a failure to sufficiently extinguish fear memories. The
serotonergic system (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) with the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, SERT) is …

Repeated or chronic stressful stimuli induce emotion-and mood-related abnormalities, such
as anxiety and depression. Conversely, regular exercise exerts protective effects. Here, we …

Fear is a highly adaptive emotion that has evolved to promote survival and reproductive
fitness. However, maladaptive expression of fear can lead to debilitating stressor-related …