This review considers antiviral nucleoside analog (NA) drugs, including ribavirin, favipiravir,
and molnupiravir, which induce genome error catastrophe in SARS‐CoV or SARS‐CoV‐2 …

Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low
dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown …

The product of the X‐chromosome's Pig‐a gene acts in the first step of
glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis, and is thereby essential for …

Understanding of molecular mechanisms governing the enucleating phenomena of human
erythrocytes is of major importance in both fundamental and applied studies. Total RNA (n …

The ability to effectively monitor gene mutation and micronucleated reticulocyte (MN-RET)
frequency in short-term and repeated dosing schedules was investigated using the recently …

The development of automated flow cytometric (FCM) methods for evaluating micronucleus
(MN) frequencies in erythrocytes has great potential for improving the sensitivity …

The in vivo micronucleus assay working group of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity
Testing (IWGT) discussed new aspects in the in vivo micronucleus (MN) test, including the …

Two endpoints of genetic toxicity, mutation at the X-linked Pig-a gene and chromosomal
damage in the form of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs), were evaluated in blood …

Test batteries to screen chemicals for mutagenic hazard include several endpoints regarded
as effective for detecting genotoxic carcinogens. Traditional in vivo methods primarily …

An in vivo mutation assay has been developed based on flow cytometric enumeration of
glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor–deficient rat erythrocytes. With this method, blood …