The organization of neural circuits that form the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG)
and provide flexor–extensor and left–right coordination of neuronal activity remains largely …

Interactions between cervical and lumbar spinal circuits are mediated by long propriospinal
neurons (LPNs). Ablation of descending LPNs in mice disturbs left-right coordination at high …

Key points Quadrupeds express different gaits depending on speed of locomotion. Central
pattern generators (one per limb) within the spinal cord generate locomotor oscillations and …

This paper provides an update on the neural control of bipedal walking in relation to
bioinspired models and robots. It is argued that most current models or robots are based on …

The spinal locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) generates rhythmic activity with
alternating flexion and extension phases. This rhythmic pattern is likely to result from …

Speed-dependent interlimb coordination allows animals to maintain stable locomotion
under different circumstances. The V3 neurons are known to be involved in interlimb …

The brain coordinates the movements that constitute behavior, but how descending neurons
convey the myriad of commands required to activate the motor neurons of the limbs in the …

Humans walk and run, as well as change their gait speed, through the control of their
complicated and redundant musculoskeletal system. These gaits exhibit different locomotor …

Key points Alternation of flexor and extensor activity in the mammalian spinal cord is
mediated by two classes of genetically identified inhibitory interneurons, V1 and V2b. The …

This study focuses on computational and theoretical investigations of neuronal activity
arising in the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC), a medullary region generating the …