Melatonin is ubiquitous molecule with wide distribution in nature and is produced by many
living organisms. In human beings, pineal gland is the major site for melatonin production …

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide. Sepsis is a severe clinical
syndrome related to the host response to infection. The severity of infections is due to an …

Inflammation is a complex physiological process triggered in response to harmful stimuli. It
involves cells of the immune system capable of clearing sources of injury and damaged …

Objective To update the 2008 consensus statements for the diagnosis and management of
critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in adult and pediatric patients …

Background Septic shock is characterized by dysregulation of the host response to infection,
with circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities. We hypothesized that therapy with …

Clinical and pathophysiological understanding of septic shock has progressed exponentially
in the previous decades, translating into a steady decrease in septic shock-related morbidity …

Sepsis is aggravated by an inappropriate immune response to invading microorganisms,
which occasionally leads to multiple organ failure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the …

Endotoxins and exotoxins are among the most potent bacterial inducers of cytokines. During
infectious processes, the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis …

Early management of sepsis and septic shock is crucial for patients' prognosis. As the
Emergency Department (ED) is the place where the first medical contact for septic patients is …

Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the
immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an …