Despite long-term and widespread use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a variety of
neurological conditions, the underlying mechanisms of action have been elusive. Growing …

Objective: Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are
specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the …

Deep brain stimulation has been extensively studied as a therapeutic option for treatment-
resistant depression (TRD). DBS across different targets is associated with on average 60 …

Compulsivity is associated with alterations in the structure and the function of parallel and
interacting brain circuits involved in emotional processing (involving both the reward and the …

Chemical signaling through the release of neurotransmitters into the extracellular space is
the primary means of communication between neurons. More than four decades ago, Ralph …

Background The ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC) is a target for deep
brain stimulation (DBS) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Conventional surgical …

Dysregulated fear reactions can result from maladaptive processing of trauma-related
memories. In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychiatric disorders …

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, severe mental illness with up to 2–3%
prevalence worldwide. In fact, OCD has been classified as one of the world's 10 leading …

The brain is emerging as an important regulator of systemic glucose metabolism.
Accumulating data from animal and observational human studies suggest that striatal …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a putative approach for treatment-resistant depression
(TRD) has now been researched for about a decade. Several uncontrolled studies—all in …