How genetic information gained its exquisite control over chemical processes needed to
build living cells remains an enigma. Today, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) …

How Nature discovered genetic coding is a largely ignored question, yet the answer is key to
explaining the transition from biochemical building blocks to life. Other, related puzzles also …

Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is a Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) that
synthesizes leucyl-tRNAleu for codon-directed protein synthesis. Two signature sequences …

Carbonate alkalinity (CA) is one of the environmental factors affecting the survival and
growth of aquatic animals. However, the toxic effects of CA stress on Pacific white shrimp …

Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) charges tRNAMet with l-methionine (L-Met) to decode
the ATG codon for protein translation, making it indispensable for all cellular lives. Many …

The aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are a large group of enzymes that implement the
genetic code in all known biological systems. They attach amino acids to their cognate …

The hypothesis that conserved core catalytic sites could represent ancestral aminoacyl-
tRNA synthetases (AARS) drove the design of functional TrpRS, LeuRS, and HisRS …

The chief barrier to studies of how genetic coding emerged is the lack of experimental
models for ancestral aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS). We hypothesized that conserved …

The role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) in the emergence and evolution of genetic
coding poses challenging questions concerning their provenance. We seek evidence about …

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)/tRNA cognate pairs translate the genetic code by
synthesizing specific aminoacyl-tRNAs that are assembled on messenger RNA by the …