In multicellular organisms, sexed gonads have evolved that facilitate release of sperm
versus eggs, and bilaterian animals purposefully combine their gametes via mating …

Background Acoustic communication is important for the survival and reproduction of
anurans and masking background noise is a critical factor for their effective acoustic …

The ability to discriminate species and recognize individuals is crucial for reproductive
success and/or survival in most animals. However, the temporal order and neural …

Background Animal vocal signals encode very important information for communication
during which the importance of temporal and spectral characteristics of vocalizations is …

The characteristics of acoustic signals co-evolve with preferences of the auditory sensory
system. However, how the brain perceives call variations and whether it can reveal …

Seasonal variation of hearing sensitivity has been observed in many vertebrate groups with
obvious vocal behaviors. Circulating hormones, conspecific calling signals, and temperature …

Sex differences in vocalization have been commonly found in vocal animals. It remains
unclear, however, how animals perceive and discriminate these differences. The amplitudes …

Visual lateralization is a typical characteristic of many vertebrates; however, its underlying
dynamic neural mechanism is unclear. In this study, predatory responses and dynamic brain …

Simple Summary We investigated auditory event-related potentials (ERP) related to auditory
attention in music frogs. Our objective was to explore whether ERP components related to …

Animal communication requires senders to transmit signals through the environment to
conspecific receivers, which then leads to context-dependent behavioral decisions. Sending …