The nature of the transition from acute to chronic pain still eludes explanation, but chronic
pain resulting from surgery provides a natural experiment that invites clinical …

Electrical activity in neurons requires a seamless functional coupling between
plasmalemmal ion channels and ion transporters. Although ion channels have been studied …

In physiological conditions, adult neurons have low intracellular Cl−[(Cl−) I] levels
underlying the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic inhibitory drive. In contrast, neurons have …

Introduction: Central sensitization is a form of maladaptive neuroplasticity underlying many
chronic pain disorders, including neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, whiplash, headache …

Noxious stimuli usually cause pain and pain usually arises from noxious stimuli, but
exceptions to these apparent truisms are the basis for clinically important problems and …

Intractable neuropathic pain is a frequent consequence of nerve injury or disease. When
peripheral nerves are injured, damaged axons undergo Wallerian degeneration. Schwann …

The behavioral features of neuropathic pain are not sexually dimorphic despite sex
differences in the underlying neuroimmune signaling. This raises questions about whether …

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established and cost-effective therapy for treating severe
chronic pain. However, despite over 40 years of clinical practice and the development of …

Descending control from the brain to the spinal cord shapes our pain experience, ranging
from powerful analgesia to extreme sensitivity. Increasing evidence from both preclinical and …

Allodynia is a state in which pain is elicited by innocuous stimuli. Capsaicin applied to the
skin results in an allodynia that extends to a broad region beyond the application site. This …