Commensalisms, interactions between two species in which one species benefits and the
other experiences no net effect, are frequently mentioned in the ecological literature but are …

In recent decades, the interest in complexity of ant‐plant relationships has increased
considerably. However, because the spatial and biological information generated on ant …

Theoretical models on mutualism dynamics predict that partner traits may influence the
outcome of mutualistic interactions. However, most empirical data on this issue is restricted …

The years 2011–2020 represent the United Nations Decade of Biodiversity, aiming to inspire
worldwide actions to support biodiversity conservation. This Special Issue illustrates the …

There is increasing evidence that the outcomes of mutualistic interactions between ants and
plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are context‐dependent. In particular, the total …

Ants often interact aggressively for resources (eg nest sites and food) with members of their
own or another species. In these competitive interactions, dominant ant species exert a …

Ants are abundant in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the Brazilian Cerrado, where they
can play several roles at different levels of the food chain, including protection of plants …

Aim Extrafloral nectar, a carbohydrate‐rich liquid, is the main plant‐based resource offered
in exchange for ant protection. The positive results of this protection provided by ants are …

Indirect plant defense is an important component in regulating population dynamics and the
structure of numerous communities in different ecosystems. These defenses mainly involve …

Associational resistance (AR) is a positive interaction in which a plant suffers less herbivore
damage due to its association with a protective plant. Here, we evaluated whether plants …