Water is the most limiting resource for global crop production. The projected increase of dry
spells due to climate change will further increase the problem of water limited crop yields …

Increased soil strength due to soil compaction or soil drying is a major limitation to root
growth and crop productivity. Roots need to exert higher penetration force, resulting in …

Endogeic earthworms live and burrow in the soil to find their food. They burrow by pushing
the soil aside or ingesting it and are thus sensitive to soil compaction. However there is a …

Root growth requires substantial amounts of energy and thus carbohydrates. The energy
costs of root growth are particularly high in both dry and compacted soil, due to high soil …

Tillage management is a key factor driving changes in soil physical properties (SPP) and
crop yield around the world. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the relationships …

The Atlantic razor clam exhibits exceptional penetration performance in wet sands by
periodically expanding and contracting its shell and foot during burrowing. Essentially, this …

The process of soil compaction can cause various stresses on roots, ultimately limiting their
growth and development within the soil. Understanding this phenomenon in real-world …

Abstract Background and Aims Although root penetration of strong soils has been
intensively studied at the scale of individual root axes, interactions between soil physical …

During the progression of root in soil, root cap cells are the first to encounter obstacles and
are known to sense environmental cues, thus making the root cap a potential …

Soil structure is important for plant growth and ecosystem functioning, and provides habitat
for a wide range of soil biota. So far, very few studies directly compared the effects of three …