Botulinum neurotoxins: biology, pharmacology, and toxicology

M Pirazzini, O Rossetto, R Eleopra, C Montecucco… - Pharmacological …, 2017 - Elsevier
The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel
BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and …

Historical perspectives and guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature

MW Peck, TJ Smith, F Anniballi, JW Austin, L Bano… - Toxins, 2017 - mdpi.com
Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven
serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin …

Identification and characterization of a novel botulinum neurotoxin

S Zhang, G Masuyer, J Zhang, Y Shen, D Lundin… - Nature …, 2017 - nature.com
Botulinum neurotoxins are known to have seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G). Here we report a
new BoNT serotype, tentatively named BoNT/X, which has the lowest sequence identity with …

Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins

M Dong, G Masuyer, P Stenmark - Annual review of …, 2019 - annualreviews.org
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) are the most potent toxins
known and cause botulism and tetanus, respectively. BoNTs are also widely utilized as …

[HTML][HTML] Identification of a Botulinum Neurotoxin-like Toxin in a Commensal Strain of Enterococcus faecium

S Zhang, F Lebreton, MJ Mansfield, SI Miyashita… - Cell host & …, 2018 - cell.com
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by various Clostridium strains, are a family of
potent bacterial toxins and potential bioterrorism agents. Here we report that an …

Bacterial signaling to the nervous system through toxins and metabolites

NJ Yang, IM Chiu - Journal of molecular biology, 2017 - Elsevier
Mammalian hosts interface intimately with commensal and pathogenic bacteria. It is
increasingly clear that molecular interactions between the nervous system and microbes …

Clinical uses of botulinum neurotoxins: current indications, limitations and future developments

S Chen - Toxins, 2012 - mdpi.com
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause flaccid paralysis by interfering with vesicle fusion and
neurotransmitter release in the neuronal cells. BoNTs are the most widely used therapeutic …

PET imaging of synaptic density: a new tool for investigation of neuropsychiatric diseases

Z Cai, S Li, D Matuskey, N Nabulsi, Y Huang - Neuroscience letters, 2019 - Elsevier
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is expressed ubiquitously in neurons of the central
nervous system, and is the binding target of the anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam. Because of …

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A: features and functions

R Rossi, S Arjmand, SL Bærentzen, A Gjedde… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
In recent years, the field of neuroimaging dramatically moved forward by means of the
expeditious development of specific radioligands of novel targets. Among these targets, the …

Structural basis for antiepileptic drugs and botulinum neurotoxin recognition of SV2A

A Yamagata, K Ito, T Suzuki, N Dohmae… - Nature …, 2024 - nature.com
More than one percent of people have epilepsy worldwide. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a
successful new-generation antiepileptic drug (AED), and its derivative, brivaracetam (BRV) …