Abstract Purpose of Review As immersive learning outside of the operating room is
increasingly recognized as a valuable method of surgical training, virtual reality (VR) and …

Augmented reality (AR) superimposes computer-generated virtual objects onto the user's
view of the real world. Among medical disciplines, neurosurgery has long been at the …

Assessing mental workload is imperative for avoiding unintended negative consequences in
critical situations such as driving and piloting. To evaluate mental workload, measures of …

Context Despite the current era of “precision surgery”, an unmet need for an optimal surgical
planning and navigation still remains for most genitourinary malignancies. In this setting, the …

Purpose Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is a difficult procedure with risk of
significant perioperative complications. The objective was to evaluate the impact of …

BACKGROUND: Sensor technologies and data collection practices are changing and
improving quality metrics across various domains. Surgical skill assessment in Robot …

Laparoscopic surgery can be exhausting and frustrating, and the cognitive load experienced
by surgeons may have a major impact on patient safety as well as healthcare economics. As …

Purpose: Many virtual and augmented reality systems have been proposed to support renal
interventions. This paper reviews such systems employed in the treatment of renal cell …

Concomitant with such a shift toward competency-based curricula, there has been
increasing adoption of surgical simulation coupled with virtual, mixed, and augmented …

With the advent of precision surgery, there have been attempts to integrate imaging with
robotic systems to guide sound oncologic surgical resections while preserving critical …