The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of cell
types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury may occur in …

Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to
dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response. Multiple organs can develop …

To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

Insufficient tumor accumulation and distribution of photosensitizers as well as low antitumor
immunity severely restrict the therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT). Cancer …

Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of
extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during
development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive …

Skin wound repair is a multistage process involving multiple cellular and molecular
interactions, which modulate the cell behaviors and dynamic remodeling of extracellular …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumour microenvironment
with diverse functions, including matrix deposition and remodelling, extensive reciprocal …

TGF-β is extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In fibrotic lesions, spatially
restricted generation of bioactive TGF-β from latent stores requires the cooperation of …

When the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is overloaded surpassing the
capacity of the reductive rheostat, mammalian cells undergo a series of oxidative damage …