Twenty-five years of spinal muscular atrophy research: from phenotype to genotype to therapy, and what comes next

B Wirth, M Karakaya, MJ Kye… - Annual review of …, 2020 - annualreviews.org
Twenty-five years ago, the underlying genetic cause for one of the most common and
devastating inherited diseases in humans, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), was identified …

Spinal muscular atrophy: diagnosis and management in a new therapeutic era

WD Arnold, D Kassar, JT Kissel - Muscle & nerve, 2015 - Wiley Online Library
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) describes a group of disorders associated with spinal motor
neuron loss. In this review we provide an update regarding the most common form of SMA …

A single nucleotide in the SMN gene regulates splicing and is responsible for spinal muscular atrophy

CL Lorson, E Hahnen… - Proceedings of the …, 1999 - National Acad Sciences
SMN1 and SMN2 (survival motor neuron) encode identical proteins. A critical question is
why only the homozygous loss of SMN1, and not SMN2, results in spinal muscular atrophy …

Age-dependent SMN expression in disease-relevant tissue and implications for SMA treatment

DM Ramos, C d'Ydewalle, V Gabbeta… - The Journal of …, 2019 - Am Soc Clin Investig
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by deficient expression of survival
motor neuron (SMN) protein. New SMN-enhancing therapeutics are associated with variable …

Spinal muscular atrophy: why do low levels of survival motor neuron protein make motor neurons sick?

AHM Burghes, CE Beattie - Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2009 - nature.com
Many neurogenetic disorders are caused by the mutation of ubiquitously expressed genes.
One such disorder, spinal muscular atrophy, is caused by loss or mutation of the survival …

The role of survival motor neuron protein (SMN) in protein homeostasis

H Chaytow, YT Huang, TH Gillingwater… - Cellular and Molecular …, 2018 - Springer
Ever since loss of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein was identified as the direct cause of
the childhood inherited neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy, significant …

An update of the mutation spectrum of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) in autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

B Wirth - Human mutation, 2000 - Wiley Online Library
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the
spinal cord, causing progressive weakness of the limbs and trunk, followed by muscle …

Antisense masking of an hnRNP A1/A2 intronic splicing silencer corrects SMN2 splicing in transgenic mice

Y Hua, TA Vickers, HL Okunola, CF Bennett… - The American Journal of …, 2008 - cell.com
survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric (SMN2) is a gene that modifies the severity of spinal
muscular atrophy (SMA), a motor-neuron disease that is the leading genetic cause of infant …

The survival motor neuron protein in spinal muscular atrophy

DD Coovert, TT Le, PE McAndrew… - Human molecular …, 1997 - academic.oup.com
The 38 kDa survival motor neuron (SMN) protein is encoded by two ubiquitously expressed
genes: telomeric SMN (SMNT) and centromeric SMN (SMNC). Mutations in SMNT, but not …

The human centromeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN2) rescues embryonic lethality in Smn–/– mice and results in a mouse with spinal muscular atrophy

UR Monani, M Sendtner, DD Coovert… - Human molecular …, 2000 - academic.oup.com
Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common motor neuron disease in humans and
in its most severe form causes death by the age of 2 years. It is caused by defects in the …