This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins
directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide …

Cellular signal transmission requires the dynamic formation of spatiotemporally controlled
molecular interactions. At the cell surface information is received by receptor complexes and …

Background Bipolar disorder phenomenologically is a biphasic disorder of energy
availability; increased in mania and decreased in depression. In consort, there is …

Noradrenaline is a major neuromodulator in the central nervous system (CNS). It is released
from varicosities on neuronal efferents, which originate principally from the main …

Intracellular Ca2+ signalling is a major signal transductional pathway in non-excitable cells,
responsible for the regulation of a variety of physiological functions. In the secretory …

Abstract Cyclic adenosine 3, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second
messenger regulating many biological processes, such as cell migration, differentiation …

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a leading cause of hospitalization among non-malignant
gastrointestinal disorders. The mortality of severe AP can reach 30–50%, which is most …

Ethnopharmacological relevance The leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam., a medicinal and edible
herb for thousands of years in Ayurveda, is used as Pancha (na) karma (purgative) during …

Communication and material transfer between membranes and organelles take place at
membrane contact sites (MCSs). MCSs between the ER and PM, the ER/PM junctions, are …

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine
salivary and lacrimal glands. Local inflammation in the glands is thought to trigger glandular …