Background Class II functional appliances have been used in orthodontics for over 100
years. Although the stability of corrections is one of the main goals of orthodontic treatment …

Objectives This study investigates the impact of injected fish-scale-derived hydroxyapatite
nanoparticles (FsHA-NPs) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the width of the …

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of Essix and
Hawley retainers during the retention period. Methods A total of 30 subjects whose fixed …

In most recent studies, long-term retention after orthodontic treatment has been
hypothesized that may be necessary to maintain the stability of the dentition and avoid post …

Orthodontic relapse is one of the most prevalent concerns of orthodontic therapy. Relapse
results in patients' teeth reverting towards their pretreatment positions, which increases the …

Introduction. The relapse after orthodontic treatment has been defined by British Standards
Institute as being a recurrence to initial position following the correction of malocclusion …

Enamel microcracks (EMCs) are tiny fractures that occur in the outer layer of teeth, allowing
some extrinsic stains and leading to an unaesthetic tooth. Additionally, the EMCs enhance …

Introduction. There is a growing demand for more aesthetic, comfortable, and faster
orthodontic treatments, and clear aligners emerged as a solution to fulfill this need …

Background Shortening retention time and minimizing relapse rates are ongoing challenges
in orthodontics. This study investigated the effects of natural fulvic acids (FAs) and low-level …

Introduction This study evaluated the initial stress produced in the periodontal ligament
(PDL) and the displacements of mandibular incisors under masticatory force in patients with …