The transcription factor NRF2 is the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response.
Though recognized originally as a target of chemopreventive compounds that help prevent …

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is the master oxygen sensor within cells and is central to the
regulation of cell responses to varying oxygen levels. HIF activation during hypoxia ensures …

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, both
validated targets for treating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we …

NF-κB proteins are a family of transcription factors that are of central importance in
inflammation and immunity. NF-κB also plays important roles in other processes, including …

Metastatic progression of cancer is associated with poor outcome, and here we examine
metabolic changes underlying this process. Although aerobic glycolysis is known to promote …

Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-protein thiol in cells whose functions are dependent on
the redox-active thiol of its cysteine moiety that serves as a cofactor for a number of …

Simple Summary Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and associated with poor
outcome in most cancer types and treatment modalities, including radiotherapy …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal metabolism and xenobiotic
exposure, and depending on their concentration, ROS can be beneficial or harmful to cells …

The tumor microenvironment is created by the tumor and dominated by tumor-induced
interactions. Although various immune effector cells are recruited to the tumor site, their anti …

Mitochondria are the primary intracellular site of oxygen consumption and the major source
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), most of them originating from the mitochondrial …