For the past 400 years, astronomers have sought to observe and interpret the Universe by
building more powerful telescopes. These incredible instruments extend the capabilities of …

Detailed characterization of an extrasolar planet's atmosphere provides the best hope for
distinguishing the makeup of its outer layers, and the only hope for understanding the …

Planetary-scale giant storms erupt on Saturn quasiperiodically. There have been at least six
recorded occurrences of past eruptions, and the most recent one was in 2010, with its whole …

The global energy budget is pivotal to understanding planetary evolution and climate
behaviors. Assessing the energy budget of giant planets, particularly those with large …

A giant storm erupted on Saturn in December 2010. It produced intense lightning and cloud
disturbances and encircled the planet in six months. Six giant storms—also called Great …

The Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn provided a close-up study of the gas giant planet, as
well as its rings, moons, and magnetosphere. The Cassini spacecraft arrived at Saturn in …

This review presents an insight into our current knowledge of the atmospheres of the planets
Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the satellite Titan, and those of …

Saturn's northern summertime hemisphere was mapped by JWST/Mid‐Infrared Instrument
(4.9–27.9 µm) in November 2022, tracing the seasonal evolution of temperatures, aerosols …

A major motivation for multiple atmospheric probe measurements at Uranus is the
understanding of dynamic processes that create and maintain spatial variation in thermal …

Super-large-scale particle image velocimetry (SLPIV) and the associated flow visualization
technique using natural snowfall have been shown to be effective tools to probe the …