This paper reviews the recent literature on rural-urban migration in developing countries,
focusing on three key questions: What motivates or forces people to migrate? What costs do …

This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and
innovation. We first describe the conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation …

Using a balance panel dataset of 278 Chinese cities, this study is the first to employ a spatial
difference-in-differences (SDID) approach to investigate both the direct and indirect effects of …

Regional economic divergence has become a threat to economic progress, social cohesion
and political stability in Europe. Market processes and policies that are supposed to spread …

Will COVID-19 end the urban renaissance that many cities have experienced since the
1980s? This essay selectively reviews the copious literature that now exists on the long-term …

High-income business service workers dominate the economies of major US cities, and their
spending supports many local consumer service jobs. As a result, business services' high …

Density boosts productivity and innovation, improves access to goods and services, reduces
typical travel distances, encourages energy efficient construction and transport, and allows …

A vigorous debate has emerged in recent years over how to understand cities of the Global
South. A pivotal issue in this debate is whether urbanisation processes in the South are so …

The impacts of climate change are unevenly distributed across territories. Less is known
about the potential effects of climate policies aimed at mitigating the negative consequences …

We quantify the amount of spatial misallocation of labor across US cities and its aggregate
costs. Misallocation arises because high productivity cities like New York and the San …