Liver disease, particularly viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a global
healthcare burden and leads to more than 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Despite …

CRISPR–Cas systems provide prokaryotes with adaptive immune functions against viruses
and other genetic parasites. In contrast to all other types of CRISPR–Cas systems, type IV …

Many prokaryotes encode CRISPR-Cas systems as immune protection against mobile
genetic elements (MGEs), yet a number of MGEs also harbor CRISPR-Cas components …

In principle, iron oxidation can fuel significant primary productivity and nutrient cycling in
dark environments such as the deep sea. However, we have an extremely limited …

Black quarter (BQ) is an infectious disease affecting cattle and small ruminants worldwide
caused by Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium chauvoei. In this study, a draft …

Initially discovered over 35 years ago in the bacterium Escherichia coli as a defense system
against invasion of viral (or other exogenous) DNA into the genome, CRISPR/Cas has …

Diversity of viruses infecting non‐extremophilic archaea has been grossly understudied.
This is particularly the case for viruses infecting methanogenic archaea, key players in the …

Candidatus Accumulibacter plays a major role in enhanced biological phosphorus removal
(EBPR) from wastewater. Although bacteriophages have been shown to represent fatal …

Clostridium perfringens is associated with a variety of diseases in both humans and animals.
Recent advances in genomic sequencing make it timely to re-visit this important pathogen …

Viruses play vital biogeochemical and ecological roles by (a) expressing auxiliary metabolic
genes during infection,(b) enhancing the lateral transfer of host genes, and (c) inducing host …