The Arctic region is a harbinger of global change and is warming at a rate higher than the
global average. While Arctic warming is driven by increases in anthropogenic greenhouse …

Despite the huge extent of the ocean's surface, until now relatively little attention has been
paid to the sea surface microlayer (SML) as the ultimate interface where heat, momentum …

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and growth significantly influences climate by
supplying new seeds for cloud condensation and brightness. Currently, there is a lack of …

Climate warming affects the development and distribution of sea ice, but at present the
evidence of polar ecosystem feedbacks on climate through changes in the atmosphere is …

The sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater can contain ice-nucleating particles (INPs)
and these INPs can be emitted into the atmosphere. Our current understanding of the …

Dissolved organic polymers released by phytoplankton and bacteria abiologically self-
assemble in surface ocean waters into nano-to micro-sized gels containing polysaccharides …

Ocean CO2 uptake accounts for 20–40% of the post-industrial sink for anthropogenic CO2.
The uptake rate is the product of the CO2 interfacial concentration gradient and its transfer …

The cellular exterior that a single-celled microorganism presents to its surroundings marks
its first line of defense against environmental pressures, from energy deprivation, shifts in …

Three-dimensional hydrogels of organic polymers have been suggested to affect a variety of
processes in the ocean, including element cycling, microbial ecology, food-web dynamics …

Carbohydrates, originating from marine microorganisms, enter the atmosphere as part of
sea spray aerosol (SSA) and can influence fog and cloud microphysics as cloud …