The term “circadian rhythms” describes endogenous oscillations with ca. 24-h period
associated with the earth's daily rotation and light/dark cycle. Such rhythms reflect the …

Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy
metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of …

Circadian rhythms (CR) are a series of endogenous autonomous oscillators generated by
the molecular circadian clock which acting on coordinating internal time with the external …

Circadian rhythms optimize physiology and health by temporally coordinating cellular
function, tissue function, and behavior. These endogenous rhythms dampen with age and …

Stress is an adaptative response aimed at restoring body homeostasis. The classical
neuroendocrine stress response involving the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary …

Stress constitutes a state of threatened homeostasis triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic
adverse forces (stressors) and is counteracted by an intricate repertoire of physiologic and …

The circadian system of mammals is composed of a hierarchy of oscillators that function at
the cellular, tissue, and systems levels. A common molecular mechanism underlies the cell …

The mammalian circadian clock regulates day–night fluctuations in various physiological
processes. The circadian clock consists of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus …

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits
associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous …

The pronounced daily variation in the release of adrenal hormones has been at the heart of
the deciphering and understanding of the circadian timing system. Indeed, the first …