Abstract The Moon and Mercury are airless bodies, thus they are directly exposed to the
ambient plasma (ions and electrons), to photons mostly from the Sun from infrared range all …

The topics of lofted dust, ejected atomic and molecular species, and plasma interactions at
the Moon have made revolutionary strides since the last 'New Views of the Moon'review in …

Ferric iron as well as magnetite are rarely found in lunar samples, and their distribution and
formation mechanisms on the Moon have not been well studied. Here, we discover sub …

Determining the presence or absence of a past long-lived lunar magnetic field is crucial for
understanding how the Moon's interior and surface evolved. Here, we show that Apollo …

The earliest dynamic and thermal history of the Moon is not well understood. The hydrogen
content of deposits near the lunar poles may yield insight into this history, because these …

The surface of the Moon, like that of any airless body in the Solar System, constantly
experiences micrometeorite bombardment as well as the influence of solar radiation, solar …

The science operations of the spacecraft and remote sensing instruments for the Martian
Moon eXploration (MMX) mission are discussed by the mission operation working team. In …

Sodium and, in a lesser way, potassium atomic components of surface-bounded exospheres
are among the brightest elements that can be observed from the Earth in our Solar System …

Dynamo magnetic fields are primarily generated by thermochemical convection of
electrically conductive liquid metal within planetary cores. Convection can be sustained by …

Lunar swirls are collections of finely structured bright and dark surface markings, alternating
over length scales of typically 1–5 km. If swirls are the result of plasma interactions with …