Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

Andrographolide is a labdane diterpene and the main active ingredient isolated from the
herb Andrographis paniculata. Andrographolide possesses diverse biological effects …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled
synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. The specific …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related chronic degenerative joint disease where the main
characteristics include progressive degeneration of cartilage, varying degrees of synovitis …

Macrophages are highly plastic cells critical for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Macrophages exhibit a high degree of pro-inflammatory plasticity in RA, accompanied by a …

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) refer to connective tissue inflammation caused by aberrant
autoantibodies resulting from dysfunctional immune surveillance. Most of the current …

Glycolysis has been demonstrated as a crucial metabolic process in bacteria infected
diseases via modulating the activity of pyroptosis. Macrophages are the most abundant …

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic symmetric synovial
inflammation and erosive bone destruction. Mitochondria are the main site of cellular energy …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common skeletal disease and the leading cause of pain and
disability in the aged population (> 65 years). However, the underlying factors involved in …

Context Ginsenoside metabolite compound K (CK) is an active metabolite produced by
ginsenosides in vivo that has an anti-arthritic effect related to the glucocorticoid receptor …