Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for
programming learning based on information tutoring feedback (ITF) to provide real-time …

The goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of affective pedagogical agent
(PA) and student-generated explanation on learners' affective processing, visual attention …

To further enhance the understanding of video education, researchers have started
leveraging neuroscientific approaches to investigate the underlying cognitive processes and …

Gamified formative assessment (henceforth GFA) has been suggested as having a strong
potential to improve English language learning. However, most previous reviews have …

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology influences students' cognitive processes and
affective experience, according to previous research findings. Yet, empirical studies that …

The present research conducted two experiments with an intelligent tutoring system to
investigate the overall and dynamic impact of emotional support from a pedagogical agent …

Negative feedback can have detrimental effects on the students' self-efficacy and learning
experience, yet it is inevitable for students who receive low outcomes and need …

In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, all forms of technological progress were massively
implemented in various aspects of life, including education. Teachers must have skills in …

Under the tenet of framing and regulatory theory, this study undertakes a comprehensive
examination of the impacts of task-oriented and self-oriented teacher developmental …

Pedagogical agent is a software agent that provides guidance, feedback, or intervention to
learners in digital environments. It has the potential to address issues in computer-based …